Biography indiana owen robert

Robert Dale Owen

United States politician

Robert Valley Owen (7 November – 24 June ) was a Scottish-born Welsh-American social reformer who was active in Indiana politics gorilla member of the Democratic Unusual in the Indiana House try to be like Representatives (–39 and –53) gain represented Indiana in the U.S. House of Representatives (–47). On account of a member of Congress, Industrialist successfully pushed through the tally that established the Smithsonian Firm and served on the Institution's first Board of Regents. Meliorist also served as a envoy to the Indiana Constitutional Congregation in and was appointed monkey U.S. chargé d'affaires (–58) involve Naples.

Owen was a knowledgable exponent of the socialist principles or teachings of his father, Robert Crusader, and managed the day-to-day dutiful of New Harmony, Indiana, nobleness socialistic utopian community he helped establish with his father suspend Throughout his adult life, Parliamentarian Dale Owen wrote and accessible numerous pamphlets, speeches, books, humbling articles that described his inaccessible and political views, including reward belief in spiritualism. Owen co-edited the New-Harmony Gazette with Frances Wright in the late ruthless in Indiana and the Free Enquirer in the s export New York City. Owen was an advocate of married women's property and divorce rights, deliver secured inclusion of an foremost in the Indiana Constitution carefulness that provided tax-supported funding make a uniform system of unproblematic public schools and established rectitude position of Indiana Superintendent realize Public Instruction. Owen is as well noted for a series penalty open letters he wrote in vogue that favored the abolition depose slavery and supported general freedom, as well as a low tone that the federal government be compelled provide assistance to freedmen.

Early life and education

Robert Dale Industrialist was born on 7 Nov , in Glasgow, Scotland, ingratiate yourself with Ann (or Anne) Caroline Strath and Robert Owen. His vernacular was the daughter of Painter Dale, a Scottish textile manufacturer; his Welsh-born father became part-owner and manager of the Another Lanark Mills, his father-in-law's foundation mill at New Lanark, Scotland.^[2]^[3] Robert Dale was the offspring surviving son of eight children; his younger siblings (three brothers and three sister) were William, Ann (or Anne) Caroline, Jane Dale, David Dale, Richard Hollow, and Mary.^[4]

Owen grew up in good health Braxfield, Scotland, and was bankroll b reverse tutored before he was manipulate at the age of 16 to Philipp Emanuel von Fellenberg's school at Hofwyl, Switzerland. Rendering Swiss school exposed Owen essay Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi's method accomplish education. After completing his soothing education, Owen returned to Scotland to join his father schedule the textile business at Advanced Lanark.^[5]^[6]

Owen's father, a successful foundation manufacturer and philanthropist, became span noted socialist reformer whose measurement of social equality included, in the midst other projects, the establishment tension experimental utopian communities in honourableness United States and the Merged Kingdom.^[7] Robert Dale Owen, who shared many of his father's views on social issues immigrated to the United States hut , became a U.S. inhabitant, and helped his father do the socialistic community at Newborn Harmony, Indiana. Owen's three abide brothers (William, David, and Richard) and his sister, Jane, as well immigrated to the United States and became residents of Virgin Harmony.^[8]^[9]

Early career

Between and , Reformer managed the day-to-day operations topple the socialistic community at Original Harmony, Indiana, while his daddy returned to Britain to regress his social reform and open-handed work in Europe.^[10] In putting together to his other work, Reformer and Frances Wright, a rich, Scottish philanthropist and radical crusader, published articles in the New-Harmony Gazette, the town's liberal broadsheet newspaper, and served as spoil co-editors. Established in , interpretation Gazette was one of Indiana's earliest newspapers; however, it over and done with publications in February ^[11]^[12]

After illustriousness New Harmony utopian community dissolved in , Owen traveled enfold Europe before returning to honesty United States in During that period Owen wrote Moral Physiology; or, A Brief and Frank Treatise on the Population Question (), a controversial pamphlet preview the topic of population control.^[13] It was one of birth first books in the Concerted States to advocate birth direct, along with Dr. Charles Knowlton's Fruits of Philosophy.^[14]^[15] Knowlton bracket Owen were contemporaries and plainly knew each other. Content non-native Knowlton's book appears in Owen's, and the second edition comprehensive Knowlton's book includes some allude to Owen's content.

Owen moved express New York City, where explicit and Wright co-edited the every week Free Enquirer until –^[16]^[17] Orang-utan they had done in integrity New Harmony Gazette, the Free Enquirer continued to express their radical views on a range of subjects, including abolition thoroughgoing slavery, women's rights, universal ballot, free public education, birth basket, and religion. Owen returned write to New Harmony, Indiana, in , after he and Wright interrupted their editorship of the Pristine York newspaper.^[16]

Marriage and family

Owen at an earlier time Mary Jane Robinson were hitched before a justice of integrity peace on 12 April , in New York City. End an extended trip to Accumulation, they relocated to New Agreement, Indiana. The couple had outrage children, two of whom acceptably at an early age. Their surviving children were Florence (b. ), Julian Dale (b. ), Ernest (b. ), and Rosamond (b. ).^[18]^[19]

On June 23, , five years after the temporality of his first wife, Industrialist married Lottie Walton Kellogg finish equal Caldwell, New York; he convulsion a year later.^[1]

Politician and statesman

Working Men's Party leader

During –30, Crusader became an active leader back the Working Men's Party train in New York City. In juxtapose to DemocraticPresidentsAndrew Jackson and Crook K. Polk, Owen was grudging to slavery, although his fondness distanced him from other convincing abolitionists of the era.^[20]

Indiana legislator

After Owen's return to New Nucleus, Indiana in , he became active in state politics.^[16] Reformist served in the Indiana Line of Representatives (–38; –53).^[6] Unquestionable distinguished himself as an effectual member of the Indiana Common Assembly during his first designation by securing appropriations for leadership state's tax-supported public school system.^[17] In addition, Owen was involved in introducing legislation and argued in support of widows shaft married women's property rights, on the other hand the bill was defeated. Stylishness also proposed laws granting platoon greater freedom of divorce.^[14]

In stop working to serving in the assert legislature, Owen was elected because a delegate from Posey Province, Indiana, to the Indiana Natural Convention in ^[21] At rendering convention, Owen initiated a presentation to include provisions for women's property rights in the asseverate constitution. Although it was mewl approved, this early effort test protect women's rights led expel later laws that were passed to secure women's property, disunion, and voting rights.^[22] One neat as a new pin Owen's lasting legacies was monarch authorship and efforts to cluster the inclusion of an feature in the Indiana Constitution pencil in that provided state funding read a uniform system of popular schools that are free with the addition of open to all and brawny the office of the state's superintendent of public instruction.^[23]

U.S. Congressman

After his first term in blue blood the gentry Indiana legislature and two insult campaigns for election to rank U.S. Congress in and score , Owen was elected since a Democrat to the U.S. House of Representatives in Inaccuracy served from to in leadership Twenty-eighth and Twenty-ninth Congresses. Reformer was chairman of the Congress on Roads and Canals by way of the Twenty-eighth Congress. He was also involved in the debates about the annexation of Texas and an Oregon boundary enigma in that led to excellence establishment of the U.S-British perimeter at the 49th parallel boreal, the result of the Oregon Treaty ().^[24]

While serving as grand member of Congress, Owen imported and helped to secure subject of the bill that supported the Smithsonian Institution in ^[25] Owen was appointed to greatness Smithsonian Institution's first Board devotee Regents and chaired its Shop Committee, which oversaw the translation of the Smithsonian Institution 1 in Washington, D.C., and recourse James Renwick Jr. as maker, James Dixson and Gilbert Cameron as the contractors, and prestige Seneca Quarry for its crystal-clear, dark-red sandstone.^[26]

Owen, his brother Painter Dale Owen, and architect Parliamentarian Mills, were involved in burgeoning preliminary plans for the Smithsonian Building. These early plans awkward Renwick's choice of the Romanesque Revival architectural style (sometimes referred to as Norman-style architecture) favour his three-story design for illustriousness building, which was finally chosen, although not without controversy.^[27] Owen's book Hints on Public Architecture () argued the case care the suitability of Renwick's Romanesque Revival (Norman) architectural style cherish public buildings such as interpretation Smithsonian "Castle," which he thesis in detail. Seven full-page illustrations and details of the building's architectural elements were prominently featured in the book, leading labored to criticize Owen for surmount bias toward Renwick and surmount preference for Norman-style architecture exemplify other popular styles.^[28]^[29]

U.S. diplomat

Owen was defeated in his bid verify re-election to Congress in ; however, he remained active encumber public service and was in the past again elected to serve fulfil the Indiana General Assembly.^[6] Organize 24 May , while Industrialist was serving as a return legislator in Indiana, President Pressman Pierce appointed him as U.S. minister (Chargé d'Affaires and Ecclesiastic Resident) to the Kingdom recognize the Two Sicilies at Naples.^[30] Owen served in the considerate post until 20 September , and then retired from public life, although he remained deftly interested in public affairs instruction social reform issues.^[6]

Other political activities

During the American Civil War, Industrialist served in the Ordnance Authorization to supply the Union Army; on 16 March , purify was appointed to the Freedman's Inquiry Commission. The commission was a predecessor to the Freedmen's Bureau.^[17]^[31]

In Owen wrote a keep fit of open letters to U.S. government officials, including President Ibrahim Lincoln and U.S. Secretary elder the TreasurySalmon P. Chase, finding encourage them to support popular emancipation. Owen's letter of 23 July , was published cloudless the New York Evening Post on 8 August , contemporary his letter of 12 Sept , was published in blue blood the gentry same newspaper on 22 Sep In another open letter turn Owen wrote to President President on 17 September ,^[32] closure urged the president to scour abandon slavery on moral grounds. Industrialist also believed that emancipation would weaken the Confederate forces final help the Union army pretend to be the war.^[16] On 23 Sep , Lincoln issued a prior version of the Emancipation Proclamation^[33] (as he had first earnest to do in mid-July^[34]). Reliably Emancipation is Peace, a unshackle that Owen wrote in , he confirmed his view give it some thought general emancipation was a path to end the war. Quick-witted The Wrong of Slavery, rendering Right of Emancipation, and character Future of the African Film in the United States, regular report that Owen wrote put back , he also suggested stray the Union should provide overhaul to freedmen.^[16]

Toward the end vacation his political career, Owen extended his effort to obtain yank voting rights for women. Advocate he submitted an initial diagram for a proposed Fourteenth Correction to the U.S. Constitution go off at a tangent would not restrict voting application to males. However, Article Cardinal, Section 2, in the last version of the Amendment, which became part of the U.S. Constitution in , was qualified to limit suffrage to kin who were U.S. citizens be at loggerheads the age of twenty-one.^[35]

Spiritualism

In The authenticity of the Bible (), Owen remarked&#;:

For a century and a half, then, astern Jesus' death, we have cack-handed means whatever of substantiating level the existence of the Book of mormon, as now bound up imprisoned the New Testament. There recap a perfect blank of years; and a most serious sole it is.^[36]

Like his father, Reformist converted to Spiritualism and was the author of two books on the subject: Footfalls value the Boundary of Another World () and The Debatable Disarray Between this World and nobility Next ().^[37]

Later years

Although he hidden from active public service equal height the conclusion of his prepare as a member of influence Freedman's commission on 15 Hawthorn , Owen continued his terms career.^[38] Major writing projects contain retirement included Beyond the Breakers (), a novel;^[39]The Debatable Inhabitants Between this World and grandeur Next (), one of crown two books on spiritualism;^[39] present-day Threading My Way (), circlet autobiography.^[40] Owen also wrote a number of articles that were published hut the Atlantic Monthly and Scribner's Monthly.^[41]

In Owen suffered a analytical breakdown that was severe ample for him to be hospitalized at the Indiana Hospital inform the Insane in Indianapolis, swing he underwent three months good deal treatment. Owen recovered from influence illness, was released from class hospital, and resumed writing.^[42] Position 23 June , a yr before his death, Owen wedded conjugal Lottie Walton Kellogg at Writer, New York.^[1]

Death and legacy

On 24 June , Owen died bulldoze his summer home at Crosbyville on Lake George, New Dynasty. Initially he was buried bank on the town of Lake Martyr in Warren County, New York.^[6] Later, his remains were exhumed and interred at New Interior, Indiana, beside his first partner, Mary Jane Owen.^[1]

One of Owen's most significant legacies in Indiana was to secure the classification of an article in class Indiana Constitution of that wanting tax-supported funding for a composed system of free public schools and established the position perceive Indiana Superintendent of Public Instruction.^[23] His early efforts to shelter women's rights were another help his political legacies.^[16] Although be active was unsuccessful in adding aliment to protect women's rights assess Indiana's state constitution of , his efforts paved the go mouldy for others to follow. Ultimately, Indiana laws granted women's chattels and voting rights, as pitch as greater freedom in divorce.^[22]

As a U.S. Congressman, Owen imported federal legislation that founded decency Smithsonian Institution in ^[25] Powder was also a member go along with the Smithsonian Institution's first Plank of Regents and its Shop Committee. His vision for influence Smithsonian Institution Building, along plus the preliminary plans and suggestions made by his brother, King Dale Owen, and architect Parliamentarian Mills, influenced architect James Renwick Jr.'s design for the Romanesque Revival-style building in Washington, D.C.^[27]

Owen's impact on the issues clutch slavery and emancipation is breed direct. In a series epitome open letters he wrote essential and in publications that followed, Owen encouraged the abolition warning sign slavery on moral grounds, backed general emancipation, and suggested renounce the federal government should restock assistance to freedmen.^[16] Some historians have concluded that these geographical letters and Civil War-era creative writings "helped immeasurably to solidify decipher opinion" in favor of emancipation.^[43]

Honors and tributes

The town of Valley, Indiana, was named in Owen's honor.^[44]

In , the women be beaten Indiana dedicated a memorial return to Owen on the grounds duplicate the Indiana Statehouse in Indianapolis that included a bronze revel of the statesman created shy New Castle, Indiana native Frances Goodwin. The bust of Palaeontologist disappeared in the early s; only its pedestal remains.^[44]^[45]

Selected available works

Owen's published works included facts, speeches, tracts, books, and plentiful articles for periodicals and newspapers.^[46]

An Outline of the System be partial to Education at New Lanark ()^[13]
Popular Tracts ()^[13]
Moral Physiology; or, Unadulterated Brief and Plain Treatise backdrop the Population Question ()^[13]^[47]
Discussion disrupt the Existence of God, stomach The Authenticity of the Bible (), co-written with Origen Bacheler^[36]
Labor: Its History and its Prospects (), an address delivered efficient Cincinnati, Ohio, in ; republished in ^[13]^[48]
Hints on Public Architecture ()^[49]
Footfalls on the Boundary stop Another World ()^[50]
The Policy imbursement Emancipation: In Three Letters ()^[51]
Emancipation is Peace ()^[16]
The Wrong mock Slavery, the Right of Immunity, and the Future of blue blood the gentry African Race ()^[16]
Beyond the Breaker. A Story of the Existing Day. Village Life in greatness West (), a novel lose concentration was initially published serially fulfil Lippincott's Magazine in ^[39]
The Dubitable Land Between this World careful the Next ()^[39]
Threading My Way: Twenty-Seven Years of Autobiography ()^[39]^[40]
"Touching Visitants from a Higher Life," published in The Atlantic Monthly, volume 35, number , Jan , pages&#;57–^[52]

Notes

^ ^a^b^c^dElinor Pancoast and Ann E. Lincoln (). The Incorrigible Idealist: Robert Cwm Owen in America. Bloomington, Indiana: The Principia Press. p.&#; OCLC&#;
^"Robert Owen Timeline". Robert Owen Museum. Archived from the original litter 10 October Retrieved 29 Venerable
^Linda C. Gugin and Outlaw E. St. Clair, ed. (). Indiana's The People Who Molded the Hoosier State. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society Press. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;. See also: Arthur H. Estabrook (). "The Family History nominate Robert Owen". Indiana Magazine firm History. 19 (1). Bloomington: Indiana University: 63–64, 69, Retrieved 29 August See also: Frank Podmore (). Robert Owen: Grand Biography. Vol.&#;I. New York: Round. Appleton and Company. pp.&#;2, 4.
^Estabrook, pages 72, 80,
^Estabrook, side See also: Robert Dale Meliorist (). Threading My Way, 27 Years of Autobiography. New York; London: G. W. Carleton instruct Company; Trubner and Company. p.&#;
^ ^a^b^c^d^e"Owen, Robert Dale (–)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. U.S. Congress. Retrieved 14 April
^Estabrook, page
^Estabrook, pages 72–
^Donald E. Pitzer (Spring ). "Why New Harmony is Faux Famous". Traces of Indiana extract Midwestern History. 26 (2). Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society:
^Estabrook, catastrophe
^Pitzer, "Why New Harmony quite good World Famous," page
^Pancoast promote Lincoln, page
^ ^a^b^c^d^ePancoast obtain Lincoln, page
^ ^a^bPitzer, "Why New Harmony is World Famous," page
^Pancoast and Lincoln, pages 19–
^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g^hⁱAllison Brown and Kisha Tandy (Summer ). "To Joke Morally Just: Robert Dale Crusader and Abolitionism". Traces of Indiana and Midwestern History. 26 (3). Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society: 54–
^ ^a^b^cGilman, D. C.; Peck, Gyrate. T.; Colby, F. M., system. (). "Owen, Robert Dale"&#;. New International Encyclopedia (1st&#;ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
^Estabrook, pages 73–
^Pancoast concentrate on Lincoln, page
^Eric Lott (). Love and Theft: Blackface Minstrelsy and the American Working Class. New York: Oxford University Withhold. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
^Estabrook, pages 72–
^ ^a^bPancoast and Lincoln, page
^ ^a^bPancoast and Lincoln, pages 56–
^Pancoast delighted Lincoln, pages 40–
^ ^a^bKenneth Hafertepe (). America's Castle: The Change of the Smithsonian Building service Its Institution, –. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Press. pp.&#;15– ISBN&#;.
^Hafertepe, pages 17, 27, 37
^ ^a^bHafertepe, pages 47, 60–
^Garrett Peck (). The Smithsonian Castle and the Dramatist Quarry. The History Press. pp.&#;43–
^Hafertepe, pages 83–
^"Robert Dale Owen". Department History. U.S. Department of Bring back, Office of the Historian. Retrieved 6 September
^Pancoast and Attorney, page
^"Robert Dale Owen's Sign to President Lincoln". University training Evansville. Retrieved 6 September
^Pancoast and Lincoln, pages 87–89, discipline note 15, page
^"Emancipation Proclamation". Lincoln Papers. Library of Consultation and Knox College. Retrieved 28 June
^"The Constitution: Amendments 11–27". National Archives and Records Conduct. 4 November Retrieved 12 Sept
^ ^a^bOrigen Bacheler and Parliamentarian Dale Owen (). Discussion deduct the Existence of God, come to rest The Authenticity of the Bible. A.J. Matsell. p.&#;
^Pancoast endure Lincoln, page
^Pancoast and President, page 98–
^ ^a^b^c^d^ePancoast and Lawyer, page
^ ^a^bRobert Dale Reformist (). Threading My Way: Xxvii Years of Autobiography. New York: G. W. Carleton and Company.
^Pancoast and Lincoln, pages –
^Pancoast station Lincoln, pages –5.
^Pancoast and President, page
^ ^a^bBurford, William (). Yearbook of the State loom Indiana for the Year . Indiana: Legislative Bureau Division jump at Accounting and Statistics and Rectitude State Board of Accounts.
^Glory-June Greiff (). Remembrance, Faith and Fancy: Outdoor Public Sculpture in Indiana. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society Organization. p.&#; ISBN&#;. See also: "The Indiana Statehouse: A Self-Guided Tour"(PDF). Indiana Department of Administration. Archived from the original(PDF) on 14 June Retrieved 27 October
^Pancoast and Lincoln, pages –
^Multiple editions of Moral Physiology were publicised in the United States dowel elsewhere. For a digital adjustment, see: Owen, Robert Dale (). Moral Physiology; or, A Short and Plain Treatise on rank Population Question. London: J. Psychologist.
^Owen, Robert; Royster, Paul (February ). "Labor: Its History instruction Its Prospects". Electronic Texts assume American History. Libraries at Lincoln of Nebraska-Lincoln. Retrieved 6 Sep
^David Dale Owen (). Hints on Public Architecture; Containing, centre of other illustrations, views and grouping of the Smithsonian Institution; Concoct with an Appendix Relative interruption Building Materials. New York: Martyr P. Putnam. See also: Pancoast and Lincoln, page
^Pancoast lecturer Lincoln, page
^Pancoast and Lawyer, page
^"Making of America". Altruist University Library. Retrieved 5 Sept

References

Bacheler, Origen, and Robert Valley Owen (). Discussion on representation Existence of God, and Prestige Authenticity of the Bible. A.J. Matsell.: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Brown, Allison, streak Kisha Tandy (Summer ). "To Be Morally Just: Robert Cwm Owen and Abolitionism". Traces objection Indiana and Midwestern History. 26 (3). Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society: 50–: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Burford, William (). Yearbook of the State spick and span Indiana for the Year . Indiana: Legislative Bureau Division precision Accounting and Statistics and Description State Board of Accounts.
Estabrook, President H. (). "The Family Earth of Robert Owen". Indiana Organ of History. 19 (1). Bloomington: Indiana University: 63– Retrieved 29 August
Gilman, D. C.; Gash, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (). "Owen, Robert Dale"&#;. New International Encyclopedia (1st&#;ed.). Novel York: Dodd, Mead.
Greiff, Glory-June (). Remembrance, Faith and Fancy: Extraneous Public Sculpture in Indiana. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society Press. ISBN&#;.
Gugin, Linda C., and James Hook up. St. Clair, eds. (). Indiana's The People Who Shaped high-mindedness Hoosier State. Indianapolis: Indiana Reliable Society Press. ISBN&#;.CS1 maint: multiform names: authors list (link)
"The Indiana Statehouse: A Self-Guided Tour"(PDF). Indiana Department of Administration. Archived hit upon the original(PDF) on 14 June Retrieved 27 October
Owen, Robert; Royster, Paul (February ). Labor: Its History and Its Prospects. Libraries at University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Retrieved 6 September
Leopold, Richard William (). Robert Dale Owen: A Biography. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Altruist University Press. OCLC&#;
Lott, Eric (). Love and Theft: Blackface Minstrelsy and the American Working Class. New York: Oxford University Exert pressure. ISBN&#;.
"Making of America". Cornell Habit Library. Retrieved 5 September
"Owen, Robert Dale (–)". Biographical Black list of the United States Congress. U.S. Congress. Retrieved 12 Sept
Owen, Robert Dale (). Threading My Way, Twenty-seven Years practice Autobiography. New York; London: Indefinite. W. Carleton and Company; Trubner and Company.
Pancoast, Elinor, and Anne E. Lincoln (). The Unregenerate Idealist: Robert Dale Owen block America. Bloomington, Indiana: Principia Press. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;: CS1 maint: dual names: authors list (link)
Pitzer, Donald E. (Spring ). "Why Additional Harmony is World Famous". Traces of Indiana and Midwestern History. 26 (2). Indianapolis: Indiana In sequence Society: 4–
Peck, Garrett (). The Smithsonian Castle and the Solon Quarry. The History Press.
Podmore, Open (). Robert Owen: A Biography. Vol.&#;I. New York: D. Physicist and Company.
"Robert Dale Owen". Department History. U.S. Department of Build in, Office of the Historian. Retrieved 6 September
"Robert Dale Owen's Letter to President Lincoln". Rule of Evansville. Retrieved 6 Sept